> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.topograph.co/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Serbia

> Country-specific identifiers, data sources, and implementation details

## Start here

This guide contains public integration notes for Serbia. Use it for identifier formats, search behavior, and country-specific caveats. The live source of truth for coverage, pricing, data sources, documents, legal forms, roles, and status values is the pricing page.

<Card title="Serbia coverage, pricing, and sources" icon="arrow-up-right-from-square" href="https://topograph.co/pricing/rs">
  Open the current catalog for supported datapoints, documents, sources, identifiers, and availability.
</Card>

<Warning>
  This jurisdiction may be in preview or limited availability. Check the live pricing page or contact support before relying on it in production.
</Warning>

<Note>
  Country details below are preserved as integration notes. If a table or example conflicts with the live pricing page, use the pricing page as the source of truth and contact support.
</Note>

## Table of Contents

* [Data Sources](#data-sources)
* [Company Identifiers](#company-identifiers)
* [Search Capabilities](#search-capabilities)
* [Quirks & Gotchas](#quirks--gotchas)
* [Mappings](#mappings)
* [Data Availability](#data-availability)
* [Example API Responses](#example-api-responses)

## Data Sources

Serbia uses a single official registry for all entity types. All structured company attributes come exclusively from APR.

* **APR (Agencija za privredne registre)** -- Serbian Business Registers Agency, established in 2005. Maintains registers for commercial companies, sole traders, associations, foundations, and institutions. This is the **primary (and only) source** for all company profile data.
* **APR Financial Statements Register (fin.apr.gov.rs)** -- A separate APR portal for annual financial reports. Used exclusively for **financial document retrieval**. Not a structured data source for company attributes.

### Entity Routing

APR organises entities into separate sub-registers. The routing is determined automatically from the entity type returned by the register:

| Entity Category          | Entity Types                                          |
| ------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------- |
| Commercial entities      | DOO, AD, OD, KD, JP, Задруга, Огранак, Представништво |
| Sole traders             | Предузетник                                           |
| Associations             | Удружење, Спортско удружење                           |
| Foundations & endowments | Фондација, Задужбина                                  |
| Institutions             | Установа                                              |

Data comes from a **single source** -- there is no fallback chain and no cross-registry merging.

## Company Identifiers

### Query Identifiers

| Format         | Example     | Name                         | Notes                               |
| -------------- | ----------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| 8 digits (MBR) | `21837792`  | Matični broj registracije    | Primary company registration number |
| 9 digits (PIB) | `113279163` | Poreski identifikacioni broj | Tax identification number           |

### Identifiers in API Response

| Identifier  | Format   | Example     | Coverage          |
| ----------- | -------- | ----------- | ----------------- |
| `mbr`       | 8 digits | `21837792`  | All entities      |
| `taxNumber` | 9 digits | `113279163` | \~90% of entities |

## Search Capabilities

| Search Type | Pattern            | Example       | Match Type       | Expected Results                                                     |
| ----------- | ------------------ | ------------- | ---------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| By MBR      | 8 digits           | `21837792`    | Exact            | Exact match returned first (matchType: id); other results may follow |
| By PIB      | 9 digits           | `113279163`   | Exact            | Exact match returned first (matchType: id); other results may follow |
| By Name     | Text (min 3 chars) | `"BOLT TEAM"` | Fuzzy (live APR) | Multiple results                                                     |

Name searches query the APR registry live. Results are ordered by register relevance -- the first result is not always the target company. If you know the MBR, use it for reliable exact matching.

## Quirks & Gotchas

| Quirk                                  | Details                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Rate limiting**                      | APR enforces rate limits on detail data retrieval. Requests that hit the limit are retried automatically with a backoff. Avoid querying the same company repeatedly in quick succession. |
| **Pre-2000 company gaps**              | Companies registered before 2000 may return partial data due to APR migration issues. Some detail sections may be unavailable.                                                           |
| **Cyrillic names**                     | APR stores all names in Cyrillic script. Names and addresses appear in Cyrillic in the API response. Transliteration is not provided.                                                    |
| **No onboarding / fast mode**          | Serbia does not support a fast retrieval path. All profile requests use the full authoritative fetch (\~1-2 minutes).                                                                    |
| **Sole trader (Предузетник)**          | The owner IS the business -- no `legalRepresentatives` or `shareholders` are returned for this entity type.                                                                              |
| **Foundation section set**             | Foundations and endowments (Фондација, Задужбина) have reduced data: no shareholders, no legal representatives, no share capital.                                                        |
| **ObjavljeniDokumenti are TIFF scans** | Corporate founding documents (Articles of Association, statutes, amendments) are multi-page scanned TIFF images, not text-based PDFs. Text extraction requires OCR.                      |
| **Financial statements availability**  | Only entities required to file financial statements with APR have data in fin.apr.gov.rs. Foundations and some smaller entities will return no financial statements.                     |
| **ISIC sometimes AI-inferred**         | KD 2010 to NACE mapping is deterministic. NACE to ISIC uses formal tables, falling back to AI.                                                                                           |

## Mappings

### Company Status

Status is derived **deterministically** from APR `FundamentalData` -- no AI inference is involved.

| APR Status              | English               | Standardized Status |
| ----------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------- |
| Активно / Активан       | Active                | Active              |
| Обрисано                | Deleted               | Closed              |
| У поступку ликвидације  | In liquidation        | Closed              |
| У поступку стечаја      | In bankruptcy         | Closed              |
| У принудној ликвидацији | In forced liquidation | Closed              |

`Активно` is used for commercial entities; foundations and some other entity types use the masculine form `Активан`. Both map to `Active`.

### Legal Forms

Legal form comes from the APR `businessEntityTypeName` field. Values listed in the tables below are mapped via a static lookup. Any other value is resolved by AI enrichment. The original Serbian name is always preserved in `localName`.

#### Commercial entities

| Local Name                          | English                   | Abbreviation | Standardized            | ISO 20275 |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------ | ----------------------- | --------- |
| Друштво са ограниченом одговорношћу | Limited Liability Company | DOO / д.о.о. | LimitedLiabilityCompany | `KIU5`    |
| Акционарско друштво                 | Joint Stock Company       | AD / а.д.    | Corporation             | `YVPW`    |
| Отворено акционарско друштво        | Open Joint Stock Company  | AD           | Corporation             | -         |
| Ортачко друштво                     | General Partnership       | OD / о.д.    | Partnership             | `ZPOY`    |
| Командитно друштво                  | Limited Partnership       | KD / к.д.    | Partnership             | `73PZ`    |
| Јавно предузеће                     | Public Enterprise         | JP / ЈП      | GovernmentOwnedEntity   | `DEF6`    |

#### Sole proprietorships

| Local Name  | English                    | Abbreviation | Standardized       | ISO 20275 |
| ----------- | -------------------------- | ------------ | ------------------ | --------- |
| Предузетник | Sole Trader / Entrepreneur | PR / ПР      | SoleProprietorship | `9O67`    |

#### Cooperatives

| Local Name     | English           | Standardized | ISO 20275 |
| -------------- | ----------------- | ------------ | --------- |
| Задруга        | Cooperative       | Cooperative  | `E7W8`    |
| Задружни савез | Cooperative Union | Cooperative  | `6UPM`    |

#### Non-profits and endowments

| Local Name                       | English               | Standardized          | ISO 20275 |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- | --------- |
| Удружење                         | Association           | NonprofitOrganization | -         |
| Спортско удружење                | Sports Association    | NonprofitOrganization | -         |
| Фондација                        | Foundation            | NonprofitOrganization | -         |
| Задужбина са општекорисним циљем | Charitable Foundation | NonprofitOrganization | -         |
| Задужбина са приватним циљем     | Private Endowment     | NonprofitOrganization | -         |

#### Institutions

| Local Name                           | English                        | Standardized | ISO 20275 |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------ | --------- |
| Установа                             | Institution / Establishment    | Other        | -         |
| Установа културе у приватној својини | Cultural Institution (Private) | Other        | -         |
| Установа културе у државној својини  | Cultural Institution (State)   | Other        | -         |

#### Foreign entity presence

| Local Name                          | English                                         | Standardized                 | ISO 20275 |
| ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | --------- |
| Представништво страног правног лица | Representative Office of a Foreign Legal Entity | BranchOrRepresentativeOffice | -         |
| Огранак страног правног лица        | Branch of a Foreign Legal Entity                | BranchOrRepresentativeOffice | -         |
| Огранак страног привредног друштва  | Branch of a Foreign Commercial Company          | BranchOrRepresentativeOffice | -         |

#### Legacy

| Local Name          | English                   | Standardized | ISO 20275 |
| ------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------ | --------- |
| Друштвено предузеће | Socially-Owned Enterprise | Other        | `88TX`    |

<Note>
  APR also registers entities with type **Комора** (Chamber, e.g. Privredna komora Srbije). Chambers have no `legalForm` field in APR's FundamentalData, so the API response returns no legal form for these entities. They are functionally similar to associations but APR treats them as a distinct entity type.
</Note>

### Legal Representatives

The source sections vary by entity type:

* **Commercial entities** (DOO, AD, OD, KD, JP, cooperatives): **Zastupnici** (statutory representatives), **OstaliZastupnici** (other representatives), and **Prokuristi** (authorized signatories with powers of attorney).
* **Associations** (Удружење) and **institutions** (Установа): **Zastupnici** only. **Prokuristi** is not used.
* **Foundations and endowments** (Фондација, Задужбина): **Zastupnik** (singular). **Prokuristi** is not used.
* **Sole traders** (Предузетник): no separate representative is returned. The owner is the business (see Quirks).

The role-name mappings below apply across all entity types.

| APR Role Name              | English                           | Standardized        |
| -------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Директор                   | Director                          | ManagingDirector    |
| Генерални директор         | General Director / CEO            | CEO                 |
| Извршни директор           | Executive Director                | ExecutiveDirector   |
| Председник извршног одбора | Chairman of the Executive Board   | CEO                 |
| Председник                 | Chairman / President              | Chairman            |
| Пословодилац               | Managing Director (Cooperative)   | ManagingDirector    |
| Заступник                  | Authorized Representative         | AuthorizedSignatory |
| Прокуриста                 | Prokurista (Authorized Signatory) | AuthorizedSignatory |
| Ликвидациони управник      | Liquidator                        | Liquidator          |
| Стечајни управник          | Bankruptcy Trustee / Receiver     | Receiver            |
| Остали заступник           | Other Representative              | Other               |

Each legal representative includes name (first + last), birth date, gender, JMBG (13-digit Serbian national ID), and representation mode (`sole` or `joint`). Both individuals and legal entities (companies) can hold representative roles.

<Note>
  Unknown role values fall back to AI enrichment. The original APR role name is always preserved in `localName`.
</Note>

### Other Key Persons

Board members appear in `otherKeyPersons`. Three board types are covered:

Each board section is mapped to a single standardized role; the position within the board (member or chairman) is preserved verbatim in `localName`.

**Supervisory Board (Надзорни одбор)** -- joint stock companies (AD):

| APR Role Name               | English                           | Standardized           |
| --------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Члан надзорног одбора       | Supervisory Board Member          | SupervisoryBoardMember |
| Председник надзорног одбора | Chairman of the Supervisory Board | SupervisoryBoardMember |

**Executive Board (Извршни одбор)** -- joint stock companies (AD):

| APR Role Name              | English                         | Standardized |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------ |
| Члан извршног одбора       | Executive Board Member          | BoardMember  |
| Председник извршног одбора | Chairman of the Executive Board | BoardMember  |

**Board of Directors (Управни одбор)** -- foundations, institutions, and associations:

| APR Role Name              | English                            | Standardized |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------ |
| Председник управног одбора | Chairman of the Board of Directors | BoardMember  |
| Члан управног одбора       | Board of Directors Member          | BoardMember  |
| Члан органа управе         | Governance Organ Member            | BoardMember  |

### Shareholders

Shareholders come from the APR **Clanovi** (members) section.

**Available for**: commercial companies (DOO, AD, OD, KD, JP, Задруга), including state-owned enterprises.

**Not available for**: sole traders (Предузетник), foundations, associations, and institutions.

Each shareholder entry includes:

* `sharePercentage` -- ownership percentage (e.g. `100.0`)
* `nominalCapitalHeld` -- subscribed ("Уписан") capital in RSD
* `paidInAmount` -- paid-in ("Уплаћен") capital in RSD
* For individuals: name, JMBG, gender, residence address (city, region)
* For corporate shareholders: legal name, MBR (if a domestic Serbian company)

<Note>
  For public enterprises (Јавно предузеће), the state (Република Србија) appears as a shareholder with role "Оснивач" (Founder) and 100% ownership. The state's APR registration code is `07020171`.
</Note>

<Note>
  Cooperative members (Задругари) appear in shareholders without a share percentage. Each entry shows the paid-in capital amount only.
</Note>

### Activity Code Mapping

APR provides a KD 2010 code (e.g., `6920`) for each entity. KD 2010 is the Serbian national classification and is equivalent to NACE Rev. 2. The mapping pipeline:

1. APR provides the 4-digit KD 2010 code + Serbian description
2. KD 2010 is reformatted to NACE Rev. 2 (e.g., `6920` → `69.20`)
3. NACE Rev. 2 is mapped to ISIC via standard UN mapping tables

When APR provides only a description without a code, AI inference is used to determine the NACE classification.

## Data Availability

### Data Availability Matrix

| Datapoint                   | DOO / AD / JP | OD / KD | Предузетник | Удружење | Фондација |
| --------------------------- | ------------- | ------- | ----------- | -------- | --------- |
| Legal name                  | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | ✓        | ✓         |
| Status                      | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | ✓        | ✓         |
| Legal form                  | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | ✓        | ✓         |
| Registration date           | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | ✓        | ✓         |
| Registered address          | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | -        | -         |
| Tax number (PIB)            | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | ✓        | ✓         |
| Share capital               | ✓             | ✓       | -           | -        | -         |
| Activity code (NACE)        | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | ✓        | ✓         |
| Legal representatives       | ✓             | ✓       | -           | ✓        | -         |
| Prokuristi                  | ✓             | ✓       | -           | -        | -         |
| Shareholders                | ✓             | ✓       | -           | -        | -         |
| Supervisory board (AD only) | AD only       | -       | -           | -        | -         |
| Board of directors          | -             | -       | -           | ✓        | ✓         |
| Establishments (branches)   | ✓             | -       | -           | -        | -         |
| Trade register extract      | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | ✓        | ✓         |
| APR documents               | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | ✓        | ✓         |
| Financial statements        | ✓             | ✓       | ✓           | -        | -         |

### Documents by Company Type

All document types are listed for free. Download fees apply.

| Document                              | Available For                      | Format                                          |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Trade Register Extract (Извод из АПР) | All entities                       | PDF                                             |
| APR Documents                         | All entities                       | PDF (registrar decisions), TIFF (founding docs) |
| Financial Statements                  | Commercial companies, sole traders | PDF                                             |

**APR Documents** include two categories:

* **ObjavljeniDokumenti**: Articles of Association, statutes, amendments, shareholder notices, merger plans (scanned TIFF images)
* **OdlukeRegistratora**: Registrar decisions (решења) -- structured PDF (2023 onwards) or Word document (pre-2023)

**Financial statement forms available per filing**:

* Balance Sheet (Биланс стања)
* Income Statement (Биланс успеха)
* Statistical Report (Статистички извештај)
* Notes to Financial Statements (Напомене уз финансијски извештај)
* Cash Flow Statement (Извештај о токовима готовине)
* Statement of Changes in Equity (Извештај о променама на капиталу)
* Other Comprehensive Income (Извештај о осталом резултату)

Report types: Annual (Редовни годишњи), Consolidated (Консолидовани), Extraordinary (Ванредни).

Available years: 2022--2025 (varies per company).

## Example API Responses

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Active DOO (Limited Liability Company)">
    ```json theme={null}
    {
      "company": {
        "legalName": "EXAMPLE SOFTWARE DOO BEOGRAD",
        "status": {
          "active": true,
          "localName": "Активно"
        },
        "legalForm": {
          "localName": "Друштво са ограниченом одговорношћу",
          "standardized": "LimitedLiabilityCompany"
        },
        "identifiers": { "mbr": "21837792", "taxNumber": "113279163" },
        "registrationDate": "2001-10-04",
        "legalAddress": {
          "addressLine1": "Булевар Михајла Пупина 10",
          "city": "Нови Сад",
          "postalCode": "21000",
          "countryCode": "RS"
        },
        "activities": {
          "NACE": [{ "code": "62.01", "description": "Рачунарско програмирање" }],
          "ISIC": [{ "code": "6201", "description": "Computer programming activities" }]
        },
        "capital": { "amount": 1000000, "currency": "RSD" }
      },
      "legalRepresentatives": [
        {
          "type": "INDIVIDUAL",
          "role": { "localName": "Директор", "standardized": "ManagingDirector" },
          "representationMode": { "mode": "sole" },
          "individual": {
            "name": { "fullName": "Јован Петровић", "firstName": "Јован", "lastName": "Петровић" },
            "birthDate": { "year": 1975, "month": 3, "day": 15 },
            "gender": "Male"
          }
        }
      ],
      "shareholders": [
        {
          "type": "INDIVIDUAL",
          "sharePercentage": 100.0,
          "nominalCapitalHeld": { "amount": 1000000, "currency": "RSD" },
          "paidInAmount": { "amount": 1000000, "currency": "RSD" },
          "individual": {
            "name": { "fullName": "Јован Петровић", "firstName": "Јован", "lastName": "Петровић" },
            "residenceAddress": { "city": "Нови Сад", "countryCode": "RS" }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Акционарско друштво (Joint Stock Company) with boards">
    ```json theme={null}
    {
      "company": {
        "legalName": "PRIMER AKCIONARSKO DRUSTVO BEOGRAD",
        "status": { "active": true, "localName": "Активно" },
        "legalForm": {
          "localName": "Акционарско друштво",
          "standardized": "Corporation"
        },
        "identifiers": { "mbr": "17162543", "taxNumber": "100001234" },
        "registrationDate": "1991-06-03",
        "legalAddress": {
          "addressLine1": "Таковска 2",
          "city": "Београд",
          "postalCode": "11000",
          "countryCode": "RS"
        },
        "capital": { "amount": 10000000000, "currency": "RSD" }
      },
      "legalRepresentatives": [
        {
          "type": "INDIVIDUAL",
          "role": { "localName": "Генерални директор", "standardized": "CEO" },
          "representationMode": { "mode": "sole" },
          "individual": {
            "name": { "fullName": "Марија Јовановић", "firstName": "Марија", "lastName": "Јовановић" }
          }
        }
      ],
      "shareholders": [
        {
          "type": "COMPANY",
          "sharePercentage": 58.11,
          "company": {
            "legalName": "REPUBLIKA SRBIJA",
            "registrationNumber": "07020171",
            "countryCode": "RS"
          }
        }
      ],
      "otherKeyPersons": [
        {
          "type": "INDIVIDUAL",
          "role": { "localName": "Председник надзорног одбора", "standardized": "SupervisoryBoardMember" },
          "individual": {
            "name": { "fullName": "Немања Стефановић", "firstName": "Немања", "lastName": "Стефановић" }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Предузетник (Sole Trader)">
    Note: sole traders have no `legalRepresentatives` or `shareholders` -- the owner is the business.

    ```json theme={null}
    {
      "company": {
        "legalName": "ИВАН ЈОВАНОВИЋ ПРЕДУЗЕТНИК",
        "status": { "active": true, "localName": "Активно" },
        "legalForm": {
          "localName": "Предузетник",
          "standardized": "SoleProprietorship"
        },
        "identifiers": { "mbr": "65179059", "taxNumber": "123456789" },
        "registrationDate": "2010-05-20",
        "legalAddress": {
          "addressLine1": "Краља Милана 5",
          "city": "Крагујевац",
          "postalCode": "34000",
          "countryCode": "RS"
        },
        "activities": {
          "NACE": [{ "code": "47.91", "description": "Трговина на мало путем поште или интернета" }],
          "ISIC": [{ "code": "4791", "description": "Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet" }]
        }
      }
    }
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Фондација (Foundation)">
    Note: foundations return no shareholders, legal representatives, or share capital.

    ```json theme={null}
    {
      "company": {
        "legalName": "PRIMER FONDACIJA BEOGRAD",
        "status": { "active": true, "localName": "Активно" },
        "legalForm": {
          "localName": "Фондација",
          "standardized": "NonprofitOrganization"
        },
        "identifiers": { "mbr": "28829639", "taxNumber": "112345678" },
        "registrationDate": "2012-03-15",
        "activities": {
          "NACE": [{ "code": "88.99", "description": "Остале услуге социјалне заштите" }],
          "ISIC": [{ "code": "8899", "description": "Other social work activities without accommodation" }]
        }
      },
      "otherKeyPersons": [
        {
          "type": "INDIVIDUAL",
          "role": { "localName": "Председник управног одбора", "standardized": "BoardMember" },
          "individual": {
            "name": { "fullName": "Александар Николић", "firstName": "Александар", "lastName": "Николић" }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Available documents list">
    ```json theme={null}
    {
      "tradeRegisterExtract": {
        "id": "f7d9eed0-5de2-53d9-80b5-e31542af25d8",
        "name": "Trade Register Extract",
        "description": "Trade register extract from APR",
        "format": "pdf",
        "price": 2
      },
      "financialStatements": [
        {
          "id": "a1b2c3d4-0001-0001-0001-000000000001",
          "name": "Balance Sheet",
          "description": "Annual Financial Report 2024 · FIN 24642/2025",
          "format": "pdf",
          "period": { "startDate": "2024-01-01", "endDate": "2024-12-31" },
          "price": 2
        },
        {
          "id": "a1b2c3d4-0001-0001-0001-000000000002",
          "name": "Income Statement",
          "description": "Annual Financial Report 2024 · FIN 24642/2025",
          "format": "pdf",
          "period": { "startDate": "2024-01-01", "endDate": "2024-12-31" },
          "price": 2
        },
        {
          "id": "a1b2c3d4-0001-0001-0001-000000000003",
          "name": "Statistical Report",
          "description": "Annual Financial Report 2024 · FIN 24642/2025",
          "format": "pdf",
          "period": { "startDate": "2024-01-01", "endDate": "2024-12-31" },
          "price": 2
        }
      ],
      "articlesOfAssociation": [
        {
          "id": "b2c3d4e5-0001-0001-0001-000000000001",
          "name": "Articles of Association",
          "date": "2001-10-04",
          "format": "pdf",
          "price": 2
        },
        {
          "id": "b2c3d4e5-0001-0001-0001-000000000002",
          "name": "Amendment to the Articles of Association",
          "date": "2018-06-12",
          "format": "pdf",
          "price": 2
        }
      ],
      "officialPublications": [
        {
          "id": "c3d4e5f6-0001-0001-0001-000000000001",
          "name": "Resolution on adoption",
          "date": "2024-03-15",
          "format": "pdf",
          "price": 2
        }
      ]
    }
    ```
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>